Description
This is a timely opus. Most of us now are too young to remember the unpleasant ring of a polemic between those who produced “hair-splitting” parcellations of the cortex (to paraphrase one of O. Vogt’s favourite expressions) and those who saw the cortex as a homogeneous matrix sus taining the reverberations of EEG waves (to paraphrase Bailey and von Bonin). One camp accused the other of producing bogus preparations with a paint brush, and the other way around the accusation was that of poor eye-sight. Artefacts of various sorts were invoked to explain the opponent’s error, ranging from perceptual effects (Mach bands crispening the areal borders) to poor fixation supposedly due to perfusion too soon (!) after death. I have heard most of this directly from the protagonists’ mouths. The polemic was not resolved but it has mellowed with age and ultimately faded out. I was relieved to see that Professor Braak elegantly avoids dis cussion of an extrememist tenet, that of “hair-sharp” areal boundaries, which makes little sense in developmental biology and is irrelevant to neurophysiology. It was actually detrimental to cortical neuroanatomy, since its negation led to the idea that structurally distinct areas are not at all existent. Yet, nobody would deny the reality of five fingers on one hand even if the detailed assignment of every epidermal cell to one finger or another is obviously impossible. 1 Introduction.- 2 Types of Nerve Cells Forming the Telencephalic Cortex.- 2.1 Pyramidal Cells.- 2.2 Modified Pyramidal Cells.- 2.3 Non-Pyramidal Cells.- 3 The Three Standard Techniques Used in Architectonics.- 3.1 Preparations Stained for Nerve Cells (Nissl Preparations) as a Basis of Cytoarchitectonics.- 3.2 Preparations Stained for Myelin Sheaths as a Basis of Myeloarchitectonics.- 3.3 Preparations Stained for Lipofuscin Granules as a Basis of Pigmentoarchitectonics.- 4 The Main Subdivisons of the Telencephalic Cortex.- 5 The Allocortex.- 5.1 The Hippocampal Formation.- 5.1.1 The Fascia Dentata.- 5.1.2 The Cornu Ammonis.- 5.1.3 The Subiculum.- 5.2 The Presubiculum.- 5.2.1 The Proper Presubicular Subregion.- 5.2.2 The Parasubicular Subregion.- 5.2.3 The Transsubicular Subregion.- 5.3 The Entorhinal Region.- 5.3.1 The Proper Entorhinal Subregion.- 5.3.2 The Transentorhinal Subregion.- 6 The Proisocortex.- 6.1 The Retrosplenial Region.- 6.2 The Anterogenual Region.- 7 The Mature Isocortex.- 7.1 The Occipital Lobe.- 7.1.1 The Striate Area.- 7.1.2 The Parastriate Area.- 7.1.3 The Peristriate Region.- 7.2 The Temporal Lobe.- 7.2.1 The Temporal Granulous Core.- 7.2.2 The Temporal Progranulous Field.- 7.2.3 The Temporal Paragranulous Belt.- 7.2.4 The Temporal Magnopyramidal Region.- 7.2.5 The Temporal Uniteniate Region.- 7.3 The Parietal Lobe.- 7.3.1 The Parietal Granulous Core.- 7.3.2 The Parietal Paragranulous Belt.- 7.3.3 The Parietal Magnopyramidal Region.- 7.4 The Frontal Lobe.- 7.4.1 The Frontal Ganglionic Core.- 7.4.2 The Frontal Paraganglionic Belt.- 7.4.3 The Frontal Magnopyramidal Regions.- 7.4.3.1 The Inferofrontal Magnopyramidal Region.- 7.4.3.2 The Superofrontal Magnopyramidal Region.- 8 Brain Maps.- 9 Notes on Techniques.- References.
