Description
The publication of this Cast Manual is very timely. Technological advances made in the past two decades have resulted in increased popularization of open reduction and internal fixation in the treat ment of long bone fractures. Due primarily to incorrect application of those techniques, it has become increasingly apparent that its routine and casual use can result in complications – oftentimes of catastrophic nature. Students and practitioners of orthopedics must keep uppermost in their minds that osteogenesis takes place spontaneously through an orderly and physiological process. Surgical intervention and the intro duction of a foreign body at the fracture site alters that process. Though the fracture heals, it does so not because of the mechanical device but in spite of it. Therefore, internal fixation must be reserved only for those instances when its practical advantages heavily out weigh its biological disadvantages. The success of nonsurgical treatment of fractures is also predicated on the clear understanding of fracture healing and the proper application of stabilizing techniques. This cast manual emphasizes the importance of proper application of various casts and discusses very well those details which are important for the success of nonsurgical treatment of fractures. Dr. F. FREULER, Dr. U. WIEDMER, and D. BIANCHINI’S Cast Manual must be read carefully by students of orthopedics and used as a reference book for those who should keep abreast of new concepts and techniques of closed management of fractures. Summer 1979 AUGUSTO SARMIENTO, M. D. A. General Remarks on Cast Technique and Traction Devices.- I. Padding.- 1. Protection of the Skin.- 2. Tubular Stockinette (Tube Gauze, Stulpa).- 3. Felt, Webril, etc.- 4. Crepe Paper.- 5. Synthetic Wadding.- 6. Foam Rubber.- II. Plaster.- 1. Plaster Bandages.- 2. Plaster Slabs.- 3. Application of the Cast.- 4. Removal of the Cast.- 5. Wedging the Cast.- 6. Fenestration of a Circular Cast.- III. Traction.- IV. Abbreviations.- B. The Shoulder Girdle and Upper Extremity in Adults.- I. Immobilization of the Injured Shoulder.- 1. The Velpeau Bandage.- 2. The Rucksack Bandage.- II. Immobilization of the Injured Upper Arm.- 1. The Gilchrist Modification of the Desault Bandage.- 2. The Plaster U-Splint Without a Shoulder Mold.- 3. The Plaster U-Splint with a Shoulder Mold.- 4. The Circular Full-Arm Cast.- III. Immobilization of the Injured Elbow.- 1. The Dorsal Full-Arm U-Splint.- 2. The Special Elbow Splint.- IV. Immobilization of the Injured Forearm.- 1. The Dorsal Forearm U-Splint.- 2. The Circular Forearm Cast (Colles’Cast).- 3. The Circular Full-Arm Cast.- V. Immobilization of the Injured Hand.- 1. Splinting with a Tubular Stockinette Bandage.- 2. The Hyperextending Finger Splint (Stack’s Splint).- 3. The Fist Bandage.- 4. The Plaster Thumb Splint.- 5. The Circular Stirrup Cast for the Thumb.- 6. The Iselin Cast.- 7. The Modified Iselin Cast.- 8. The Scaphoid Cast.- C. The Pelvis and Lower Extremity in Adults.- I. Immobilization of the Injured Pelvis.- 1. Crossed Traction with the Pelvic Sling.- 2. Skeletal Traction with a Supracondylar Steinmann Pin.- II. Immobilization of the Injured Hip.- 1. Traction with Adhesive Plaster or Ventofoam.- III. Immobilization of the Injured Knee.- 1. The Full-Leg Plaster Splint.- 2. The Full-Leg Plaster Cylinder.- IV. Immobilization of the Injured Lower Leg.- 1. The Full-Leg Cast (3-Stage Cast).- 2. The Full-Leg Walking Cast (2-Stage Cast).- 3.The Sarmiento PTB Cast.- 4. Skeletal Traction with a Calcaneal Steinmann Pin.- V. Immobilization of the Injured Ankle Joint.- 1. The Stirrup Cast.- 2. The Removable Dorsal Below-Knee Plaster Splint.- 3. The Below-Knee Walking Cast.- VI. Immobilization of the Injured Foot.- 1. Fixation with Adhesive Plaster.- 2. The Hohmann Crisscross Bandage.- 3. The Stirrup Cast.- 4. The Below-Knee Walking Cast with Toeplate.- D. The Vertebral Column in Adults.- I. Immobilization of the Injured Cervical Vertebral Column.- 1. The Schanz Collar.- 2. The Short Minerva Cast.- 3. The Full Minerva Cast.- 4. Skull Traction with Crutchfield Tongs.- II. Immobilization of the Injured Thoracic or Lumbar Spine.- 1. The Richards Belt.- 2. The Plaster Shell.- 3. The Plaster Corset.- E. Special Features of Fractures in Children.- I. Injuries to the Epiphyseal Plate.- 1. Epiphyseal Separation.- 2. True Epiphyseal Fracture.- 3. Damage to the Germinative Cartilage Layer and the Periepiphyseal Ring.- II. Fracture Healing.- III. Indications for Surgery.- IV. General Anesthesia or Local Anesthesia?.- F. The Shoulder Girdle and Upper Extremity in Children.- I. Immobilization of the Injured Shoulder.- 1. The Rucksack Bandage.- 2. The Gilchrist Modification of the Desault Bandage.- 3. Overhead Traction.- 4. Indications for Surgery.- II. Immobilization of the Injured Upper Arm.- 1. The Plaster U-Splint.- 2. Humerus Traction with an Olecranon Screw.- 3. Indications for Surgery.- III. Immobilization of the Injured Elbow.- 1. The Dorsal Full-Arm Plaster Splint.- 2. The Blount Collar-and-Cuff.- 3. The Circular Full-Arm Cast.- 4. Indications for Surgery.- IV. Immobilization of the Injured Forearm.- 1. The Dorsal Forearm U-Splint.- 2. The Circular Forearm Cast.- 3. The Circular Full-Arm Cast.- 4. Indications for Surgery.- V. Immobilization of the Injured Hand.- 1. Splinting with a Tubular Stockinette Bandage.- 2. The Fist Bandage.- 3. The Plaster Thumb Splint.- 4. The Circular Stirrup Cast for the Thumb.- 5. The Hyperextending Finger Splint (Stack’s Splint).- 6. The Standard Iselin Cast.- 7. The Modified Iselin Cast.- 8. The Scaphoid Cast.- 9. Special Splint for Immobilization of a Subcapital Metacarpal Fracture (Boxer’s Fracture).- 10. Indications for Surgery.- G. The Pelvis and Lower Extremity in Children.- I. Immobilization of the Injured Pelvis and Hip Joint.- 1. Crossed Traction.- 2. Skeletal Traction with a Supracondylar Steinmann Pin.- 3. Indications for Surgery.- II. Immobilization of the Injured Thigh.- l. The Hip Spica.- 2. The Full-Leg Cast.- 3. Bryant Overhead Traction.- 4. Weber Traction.- 5. Russell Traction.- 6. Indications for Surgery.- III. Immobilization of the Injured Knee Joint.- 1. The Full-Leg Plaster Splint.- 2. The Full-Leg Plaster Cylinder.- 3. Indications for Surgery.- IV. Immobilization of the Injured Lower Leg.- 1. The Hrter Full-Leg Plaster Splint.- 2. The Bhler-Dehne Primary Full-Leg Walking Cast.- 3. The Sarmiento Plaster Boot (PTBC).- 4. The Below-Knee Walking Cast.- 5. Skeletal Traction with a Calcaneal Steinmann Pin.- 6. Indications for Surgery.- V. Immobilization of the Injured Ankle Joint.- 1. The Stirrup Cast.- 2. The Removable Dorsal Below-Knee Plaster Splint.- 3. The Below-Knee Walking Cast.- 4. Indications for Surgery.- VI. Immobilization of the Injured Foot.- 1. Adhesive Plaster Fixation.- 2. The Hohmann Crisscross Bandage.- 3. The Below-Knee Walking Cast with Toeplate.- 4. Indications for Surgery.- H. The Vertebral Column in Children.- Immobilization of the Injured Spine.
