Description
An exciting contribution to the field, Visual Dysfunction in Diabetes: The Science of Patient Impairment and Improvement is designed with two overriding objectives: to help readers understand the impact of vision impairment in people living daily with diabetes rather than considering diabetic retinopathy solely as a medical problem, and to explore what we know and don’t know about the ways diabetes affect the eye. With the plethora of new information being generated, there are still a series of fundamental questions that must be addressed if effective treatments for diabetic retinopathy are to be found and applied. Developed by a renowned group of authorities, Visual Dysfunction in Diabetes: The Science of Patient Impairment and Improvement offers responses and context for a range of questions, such as: do metabolic factors beyond glucose contribute to vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy? If so, how do these lead to vision impairment? Is diabetic retinopathy a response to systemic metabolic abnormalities or are there unique ocular problems related to insulin resistance? What is the relationship between the neural, vascular, and inflammatory abnormalities in diabetic retinopathy? Do they represent a pathological cascade induced sequentially or simultaneous responses to one or more metabolic perturbations? The authors note that if we do not address these types of questions, it is possible that the long process of developing new therapeutics will target only one arm of the pathology and leave the retina open to damaging consequences of the others. State-of-the-art, comprehensive, and an invaluable addition the research and clinical literature, Visual Dysfunction in Diabetes: The Science of Patient Impairment and Improvement offers guidance and a significant step toward new scientific approaches that can lessen the devastating vision impairment associated with diabetes. Introduction Diabetic Retinopathy – what we know, don’t know, and need to know – Tom Gardner Living with Diabetic Retinopathy Ch. 1 A Patient’s viewpoint: Heather Stuckey Ch. 2 What patients with diabetes see-and don’t see: subjective and objective visual function changes – Shelly Boyd Ch. 3 How do I know I have diabetic retinopathy – a clinician’s view? – David Quillen Prevalence, Public Awareness, and Screening Methods Ch. 4 Epidemiology & Economics – John Javitt Ch. 5 Correlation between the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy in families with diabetes – Victor Gonzalez Ch. 6 Increasing public awareness of the diabetes endemic – Ian Constable Ch. 7 Nutrition and diabetes- David Nathan Ch. 8 Diabetic retinopathy screening – progress and complications – Peter Scanlon Diagnosing Diabetic Retinopathy Ch. 9 Measurements of retinal blood flow, vascular leakage, and oxygenation – Einer Stefansson Ch. 10 Optical imaging – Confocal microscopy to detect retinal vasculature – Martin Friedlander Ch. 11 Structural imaging – OCT – M. Larsen Ch. 12 Functional imaging – ERG – Anthony Adams How Diabetes Affects the Eye Ch. 13 Clinical phenotypes (reclassification) – J. Cunha-Vaz Ch. 14 Vascular changes – David Antonetti & Tom Gardiner (Belfast) Ch. 15 Neuronal ch anges – Alistair Barber/Greg Jackson Ch. 16 Inflammatory changes – Mark Tso Ch. 17 Other Ocular Complications of Diabetes – Shoja MR New Approaches to Diabetic Retinopathy Ch. 18 New insights in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy using a proteomic approach – Retina – Quin GG Ch. 19 Vitreous proteomics – Ed Feener Ch. 20 Genomics – Bill Freeman Ch. 21 Genome-wide linkage analyses to identify Loci for diabetic retinopathy – Kang Zhang (Utah) Risk Factors Ch. 22 Diabetic retinopathy correlates with increased incidence of cardiovascular events -Cheung N Ch. 23 Pregnancy and rate of progression of diabetic retinopathy – Sheth BP Molecular Mechanisms that Could Trigger Visual Dysfunction in Diabetes Introduction – Tom Gardner Ch. 24 Inflammation in the early pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy -beauty and beast. – Chris Norbury (Hershey) Ch. 25 Oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy. – Catherine Whiteside Ch. 26 Glucose induced cellular signaling in diabetic retinopathy – Chakrabarti S Ch. 27 The AGE/RAGE axis in early diabetic retinopathy – Schmidt AM Ch. 28 Proteases and the retinal vasculature (and maybe the whole retina!) – Arup Das. Ch. 29 IGFBP3 and retinal vessel growth. Smith LE Ch. 30 PEDF, VEGF, CTGF review – JX Ma Ch. 31 A decrease in the expression of somatosta tin is an early event in diabetic retinopathy – Carrasco E Ch. 32 Connective tissue and connective tissue growth factor in diabetic retinopathy – Schlingemann RO Ch. 33 Molecular regulation of endothelial cell tight junctions and the blood retinal barrier – Antonetti DA Ch. 34 Pericytes and diabetic retinopathy – Puro DG Ch. 35 Leukostasis – Adamis, AP Ch. 36 Adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. – Khalfaoui T, Ch. 37 Azurocidin as a Permeability Factor in the Retina – Hafezi-Moghadam A Ch. 38 Retinal arteriolar hemodynamic response to a combined isocapnic hyperoxia and glucose provocation in early sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. – Devenyi RG. Ch. 39 Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in diabetic retinopathy patients. – Steve Abcouwer Ch. 40 Tyrosine nitration in the molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy. – Crabb JW Limiting Vision Loss – Experimental Therapies Introduction – Tom Gardner Vascular Control Ch. 41 Ranibizumab for macular edema in diabetes – Quan Dong Nguyen Ch. 42 Bevacizumab for PDR – Qin H Ch. 43 Capillary degeneration in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. Kern TS Ch. 44 Renin-angiotensin system in the eye – Jennifer Wilkinson-Berka Ch. 45 Statins and the BRB -Ruth Caldwell Neuro nal Control Ch. 46 Treatment of hypoxia-induced retinopathy with targeted proapoptotic peptidomimetic in a mouse model of disease. Lahdenranta J Ch. 47 Intravitreal Injection of Erythropoietin Protects both Retinal Vascular and Neuronal Cells in Early Diabetes – Zhang J and Xu GT Inflammatory Control Ch. 48 Glial cell-derived cytokines attenuate the breakdown of vascular integrity in diabetic retinopathy. Sawada N Ch. 49 Ruboxistaurin shows promise as an oral treatment for diabetic retinopathy – Clarke M, Dodson PM. Ch. 50 Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic retinopathy – Jonas JB Ch. 51 Aptamers that bind PDGF-B are a potential treatment for proliferative retinopathies. Akiyama H Ch. 52 Effect of R-(+)-alpha-lipoic acid on experimental diabetic retinopathy – Lin J Regenerative Approaches Ch. 53 Islet Cell/stem cell transplantation – Warnock GL (Canada) Future Directions Ch. 54 How do we improve the translational research process? What do we need to know? Barbara Araneo Conclusion – Tom Gardner
