Description
Efforts to describe and model the molecular structure of biological membranes go back to the beginning of the last century. In 1917, Langmuir described membranes as a layer of lipids one molecule thick [1]. Eight years later, Gorter and Grendel concluded from their studies that “the phospholipid molecules that formed the cell membrane were arranged in two layers to form a lipid bilayer” [2]. Danielli and Robertson proposed, in 1935, a model in which the bilayer of lipids is sequestered between two monolayers of unfolded proteins [3], and the currently still accepted fuid mosaic model was proposed by Singer and Nicolson in 1972 [4]. Among those landmarks of biomembrane history, a serendipitous observation made by Alex Bangham during the early 1960s deserves undoubtedly a special place. His fnding that exposure of dry phospholipids to an excess of water gives rise to lamellar structures [5] has opened versatile experimental access to studying the biophysics and biochemistry of biological phospholipid membranes. Although during the following 4 decades biological membrane models have grown in complexity and functionality [6], liposomes are, besides supported bilayers, membrane nanodiscs, and hybrid membranes, still an indisputably important tool for membrane b- physicists and biochemists. In vol. II of this book, the reader will fnd detailed methods for the use of liposomes in studying a variety of biochemical and biophysical membrane phenomena concomitant with chapters describing a great palette of state-of-the-art analytical technologies. 1. Current Trends in Liposome Research Tamer A. ElBayoumi and Vladimir P. Torchilin 2. Nanoliposomes: Preparation and Analysis M. Reza Mozafari 3. Preparation of DRV Liposomes Sophia G. Antimisiaris 4. Elastic Liposomes for Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery Heather A.E. Benson 5. Archaebacterial Tetraetherlipid Liposomes Aybike Ozcetin, Samet Mutlu, and Udo Bakowsky 6. Cationic Magnetoliposomes Marcel De Cuyper and Stefaan J.H. Soenen 7. Ultrasound-Responsive Liposomes Shao-Ling Huang 8. Liposome Formulations of Hydrophobic Drugs Reto A. Schwendener and Herbert Schott 9. Remote Loading of Anthracyclines into Liposomes Felicitas Lewrick and Regine Peschka-Sss 10. Arsonoliposomes: Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization Sophia G. Antimisiaris and Panayiotis V. Ioannou 11. Liposome-Based Vaccines Reto A. Schwendener, Burkhard Ludewig, Andreas Cerny, and Olivier Engler 12. Mannosylated Liposomes for Targeted Vaccines Delivery Suresh Prasad Vyas, Amit K. Goyal, and Kapil Khatri 13. Liposomes for Specific Depletion of Macrophages from Organs and Tissues Nico van Rooijen and Esther Hendrikx 14. Vesicular Phospholipid Gels Martin Brandl 15. Environment-Responsive Multifunctional Liposomes Amit A. Kale and Vladimir P. Torchilin 16. Functional Liposomal Membranes for Triggered Release Armagan Koer 17. A ‘Dock and Lock’ Approach to Preparation of Targeted Liposomes Marina V. Backer and Joseph M. Backer 18. Conjugation of Ligands to the Surface of Preformed Liposomes by Click Chemistry Benot Frisch, Fatouma Sad Hassane, and Francis Schuber 19. Targeted MagneticLiposomes Loaded with Doxorubicin Pallab Pradhan, Rinti Banerjee, Dhirendra Bahadur, Christian Koch, Olga Mykhaylyk, and Christian Plank 20. Liposomes for Drug Delivery to Mitochondria Sarathi V. Boddapati, Gerard G.M. D’Souza, and Volkmar Weissig 21. Cytoskeletal-Antigen Specific Immunoliposomes: Preservation of Myocardial Viability Vishwesh Patil, Tala Khudairi, and Ban-An Khaw 22. Gadolinium-Loaded Polychelating Polymer-Containing Tumor-Targeted Liposomes Suna Erdogan and Vladimir P. Torchilin 23. Angiogenic Vessel-Targeting DDS by Liposomalized Oligopeptides Tomohiro Asai and Naoto Oku 24. TAT-Peptide Modified Liposomes: Preparation, Characterization, and Cellular Interaction Marjan M. Fretz and Gert Storm 25. ATP-Loaded Liposomes for Targeted Treatment in Models of Myocardial Ischemia Tatyana S. Levchenko, William C. Hartner, Daya D. Verma, Eugene A. Bernstein, and Vladimir P. Torchilin 26. Intracellular ATP Delivery Using Highly Fusogenic Liposomes Sufan Chien 27. Lipoplex Formation Using Liposomes Prepared by Ethanol Injection Yoshie Maitani 28. Acid-Labile Liposome / pDNA Complexes Michel Bessodes and Daniel Scherman 29. Serum-Resistant Lipoplexes in the Presence of Asialofetuin Conchita Tros de ILarduya 30. Anionic pH Sensitive Lipoplexes Nathalie Mignet and Daniel Scherman 31. Liposomal siRNA Delivery Jeffrey Hughes, Preeti Yadava, and Ryan Mesaros 32. Complexation of siRNA and pDNA with Cationic Liposomes: The Important Aspects in Lipoplex Preparation Jos Mario Barichello, Tatsuhiro Ishida, and Hiroshi Kiwada 33. Effective In Vitro and In Vivo Gene Delivery by The Combination of Liposomal Bubbles (Bubble Liposomes) and Ultrasound
